The answer is A: Mass extinction.
"Abrupt disappearance of many land and marine species" = extinction of many species.
This is true, for it is called redshift
A - Ff and Ff is the answer
The correct answer is tympanometer. A tympanometer is not used to measure hearing, but to rather measure the transmission of energy through the middle ear. In this way, tympanometry is an objective test of the function of the middle-ear. Tympanometry is used alongside other measures to asses hearing, such as pure tone audiometry.
Since the country has a smaller area and a large amount of people (although smaller than Australia) the ratio of land to people in New Zealand is much larger than the ration of land to people in Australia.