Items to fill in the blanks:
Hebrew Bible
Abraham
monotheistic
In the first question, Hebrew Bible is the best answer because it encompasses all the Hebrew Scriptures, including the Torah (the books of Moses) which tell the early history of the patriarchs of the Hebrews. "Ketuvim" and "writings" are the same thing (Hebrew name and English name), and included poetic books like Psalms and Proverbs.
New technologies like steam engines, railroads, and telegraphs made for communication and transportation easier. The ability to source and transport materials across the country with ease turned many local businesses into national companies.
fast because they felt we didn't think it thoroughly
It's an example of patriotism
I'm pretty sure its the first one