Water is a polar molecule bcz oxygen bears partial negative charhe and hydrogen bears partial positive charge. This results in extensive hydrogen bonding btween water molecules. The temperature is another way of saying the average kinetic energy of gases liquids or vibration for the case of solids. The Heat Capacity is the ability of matter to absorb thermal energy. Water's specific heat is defined as one. Water has high heat capacity because it can store heat in many ways. Which makes its capacity higher than anything
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Because the leaf and root are not sex organ
The function of the central vacuole is to maintain proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support of the growing plant.
Because of the presence of both activation and inactivation gates, voltage-gated Na channels can be all of these.
- Sodium voltage-gated channels can be either closed, open, or inactive.
- Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed when at rest. Both an activation gate and an inactivation gate are present in voltage-gated sodium channels.
- Although the inactivation gate is open, the activation gate is closed. This conformation is closed but capable of opening. Some of the activation gates open as a result of membrane depolarization brought on by a stimulus.
- Both the activation and inactivation gates will be opened at this point. As sodium ions enter the cells, nearby activation gates will open.
- A greater amount of sodium will enter the cells as a result, initiating an action potential.
- Both gates open when certain depolarization thresholds are reached. Action potential increases to its maximum as sodium rushes into the cell.
- The inactivation gate will gradually close and the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions will decrease. The channel is now in a state known as "closed but not capable of opening."
- Up until the membrane potential reaches its resting state, this occurs. The channels once more assume the "closed but capable of opening" conformation when resting values are attained.
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<span>Protein channels are needed to transport substances because it accelerates the transport process. Very few substances enter or leave cells without being attached to a transport protein. Different types of substances require different types of proteins to transport them. Protein channels transport water or ions downwards and ATP-powered pumps transport molecules or ions upwards. ATP generates energy to transport the molecules upwards. Gravity is used to transport the water molecules downwards. So, in a nutshell, if substances need to be transported from the top of the body downward, the force of gravity is used to transport the substances down. If substances need to be transported upwards, ATP, a coenzyme, is used to generate energy to transport the substance upwards</span>
