By 1774, the year leading up to the Revolutionary War, trouble was brewing in America. Parliament (England's Congress) had been passing laws placing taxes on the colonists in America. There had been the Sugar Act in 1764, the Stamp Act the following year, and a variety of other laws that were meant to get money from the colonists for Great Britain. The colonists did not like these laws.
Great Britain was passing these laws because of the French and Indian War, which had ended in 1763. That war, which had been fought in North America, left Great Britain with a huge debt that had to be paid. Parliament said it had fought the long and costly war to protect its American subjects from the powerful French in Canada. Parliament said it was right to tax the American colonists to help pay the bills for the war
Most Americans disagreed. They believed that England had fought the expensive war mostly to strengthen its empire and increase its wealth, not to benefit its American subjects. Also, Parliament was elected by people living in England, and the colonists felt that lawmakers living in England could not understand the colonists' needs. The colonists felt that since they did not take part in voting for members of Parliament in England they were not represented in Parliament. So Parliament did not have the right to take their money by imposing taxes. "No taxation without representation" became the American rallying cry.
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A very long time ago, I'd say 1400's-1500's or even longer before that.
I think that Hitler saw in Austria the chance to increase the number of loyal, German soldiers - Austrians speak German and are culturally similar so it was easy to include them into the German army and so quickly acquire a great number of loyal soldiers who spoke the language and shared the culture with the Germans.
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George washington was the first president of United States
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The Silk Road and the Great Wall of China represent different approaches and goals of the Chinese foreign policy.
The Silk Road is expansionary foreign policy: its goal is to increase communications and trade with other countries, from the Mediterranean, to Iran, to Tibet.
The Great of Wall of China has the opposite goal: to keep foreign invaders from entering the Chinese hinterland.
