Early Greek philosopher Anixamander (ca. 610 – 545 BC) was a monist. That means he believed that ultimately there is just one sort of substance underlying all the different things we see in the physical universe. He put forth the idea that this single underlying substance of all things is something beyond our experience. He called it the ἄπειρον (apeiron), which means "the boundless" or "the limitless." Anaximander was reacting to the views of Thales, a previous thinker from his same town, Miletus, who had suggested that there was one underlying substance to all things, and that water was that essential element. Anaximander objected to Thales' thought, because water is something we all see and experience readily in the perceived world. He believed any underlying or base-level substance, from which water and any other physical stuff originated, had to be something beyond the boundaries of our present experience, or "the boundless."

One evaluation of Anaximander's views came from another Milesian philosopher who followed him: Anaximenes. Anaximenes saw the theory of Anaximander as dodging the question, "What is the main ingredient of all things in the universe." By saying, "It's boundless; it's something we don't know," had he really answered anything? So Anaximenes dismissed the view of Anaximander ... but didn't agree with Thales either. Anaximenes proposed that air was the underlying element of all physical phenomena.

You'll have to decide for yourself what you think of Anaximander's "boundless" theory.

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2 years ago

Cite three of Locke’s published works and explain what they are about.

lana66690 [7]

John Locke was an English political philosopher in the 17th century. He published many great works, such as:

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding: In this work, Locke states that individuals do not come to this world with innate ideas or beliefs, but as a blank sheet.
Two Treatises of Government: Since Locke feared reprisal, this work was published anonymously. In this work, he confronted the King's absolute power by stating that domination, slavery and absolute monarchy are not justifiable. This work of his also supports the right to revolution.
Some Thoughts Concerning Education. This work can be considered one of his most influential works where he gives advices on how to educate and raise children. He believes children are just as capable as adults and should be treated as such.