The answer is C long and bloody
I wouldn't say that it was a specific country, but I guess you could technically say Italy. He did good for all of Europe though because of the Asian influences he brought back.
The passage shows that Californian politics, and in particular, political advancement methods, were not wholly bound by law as they are now.
Governmental institutions and government control was weaker at that time, so it was difficult to enforce the law consistently. Because of it, people did not have a strong commitment to following legal paths for advancement. Revolutions and rebellions were more effective in seizing power than political campaigns, and there were few negative repercussions for those who chose that method.
B. Create a Balance of power in Europe