Explanation:
1) The enzyme helicase catalyses the unwinding of the two DNA strands by disrupting the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs.
2) Single-stranded binding proteins attach to the DNA strands to stabilise them and prevent them from joining back together.
3) The enzyme primase catalyses the addition of a short primer consisting of RNA nulceotides to the DNA strand. This serves as an 'anchor' DNA polymerase to initiate replication.
4) The enzyme DNA polymerase synthesizes a new DNA strand by incorporating DNA nucleotides complementary to the existing strand. DNA polymerase activity only occurs in the 5' ---> 3' direction.
5) The enzyme ligase catalyses the formation of hydrogen bonds between the two new pairs of DNA strands, and seals any breakages in the sugar-phosphate backbone.
<h3>Anthrax is an uncommon, but deadly, disease produced by Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming bacterium.</h3>
<u>Explanation</u>
- Anthrax bacteria usually enter the body through a skin wound. You can have become infected if you intake tainted meat or inhale the spores.
- ID50, the number of microorganisms needed to create a demonstrable infection by 50 percent.
- The ID50 for cutaneous anthrax attributable to Bacillus anthracis is 10-50 endospores, while the ID50 for inhalation anthrax is 10,000 to 20,000 endospores.
- Ciprofloxacin is the alternative treatment for anthrax when mutated forms are identified. It is suggested for post- inhalation anthrax.
Salinity refers to the principal characteristic that determines whether an aquatic ecosystem is classified as marine or freshwater. It is the measure of all the salts dissolved in water.
<span>The correct answer to this question is to
find an alternative energy source when glucose is absent or not present in <span>sufficient
amounts. Lac operon helps in the breaking down of lactose to be converted as
food source and also in the breaking down of molecules in releasing energy. </span></span>
