Answer:
1. Option b) 
2. Option b) 
3. Associative property
4. Commutative property
5. -43
Step-by-step explanation:
1. We are given the expression:

Now, if we take minus common from the last two terms, then, the expression would be of the form:

Hence, the given expression is equivalent to option b) 
2. We are given the expression:

Now, if we rearrange the terms in the expression, then, the expression would be of the form:

Hence, the given expression is equivalent to option b) 
3. The property mentioned here is the associative property.

4. The property mentioned here is the commutative property.

5.
