1 is the correct answer
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By vetoing a bill the the legislative brach tries to pass.
A very modern example of this can be regarding same sex marriages. Although it was a state by state thing, it was declared by the supreme court that banning it was unconstitutional and that all states have to allow it, it became a federation wide thing. The current status of the issue is that all states have to allow it but many are unhappy because of it so they try to avoid doing it, but they ultimately do do it because they have to obey the supreme court.
Massachusetts shower resistance after the intensification of additional taxes by the British government. It led to the Boston Massacre where organized protesters staged the Boston Tea Party. As a punishment and a way to make the city pay for the lost tea, The British established the Coercive Acts, and the infamous Massachusetts Government Act, changing the way the state would be governed. Colony's officers would not be elected anymore, but appointed. It extinguished town meetings without royal governor's consent, and declared that sheriffs would select jurors.