The Swedish Empire (Swedish: stormaktstiden, "the era of great power") refers to the Kingdom of Sweden's territorial control of much of the Baltic region during the 17th and early 18th centuries, a time when Sweden was one of the great European powers.[1] The beginning of the Empire is usually taken as the reign of Gustavus Adolphus, who ascended the throne in 1611, and the end as the loss of territories in 1721 following the Great Northern War. In Swedish history, the period is referred to as stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power era".[1]
After the death of Gustavus Adolphus in 1632, the empire was, over lengthy periods, controlled by part of the high nobility, most prominently the Oxenstierna family, acting as tutors for minor regents. The interests of the high nobility contrasted with the uniformity policy (i.e., the upholding of the traditional equality in status of the Swedish estates favoured by the kings and peasantry). In territories acquired during the periods of de facto noble rule, serfdom was not abolished, and there was also a trend to set up respective estates in Sweden proper. The Great Reduction of 1680 put an end to these efforts of the nobility and required them to return estates once gained from the crown to the king. Serfdom, however, remained in force in the dominions acquired in the Holy Roman Empire and in Swedish Estonia, where a consequent application of the uniformity policy was hindered by the treaties by which they were gained.
After the victories in the Thirty Years' War, the climax of the great power era was reached during the Second Northern War, when their primary adversary Denmark was neutralized by the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658. However, in the further course of this war as well as in the subsequent Scanian War, Sweden was able to maintain her empire only with support of her closest ally, France.[2] Charles XI of Sweden consolidated the empire and ensured a period of peace, before Russia, Saxony and Denmark started a concerted attack on his successor, Charles XII. After initial Swedish victories, Charles secured the empire for some time in the Peace of Travendal (1700) and the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), before the Battle of Poltava (1709) finally brought the great power era of Sweden to an end.
Answer: Some major developments of the Renaissance include astronomy, humanist philosophy, the printing press, vernacular language in writing, painting and sculpture technique, world exploration and, in the late Renaissance, Shakespeare's works.
Answer:
Stalingrad
Explanation:
Hitler rerouted his army leaving a small force to complete the encircling motion and the Russians defended it fiercely.
Answer:
UNIX
Explanation:
UNICEF is really one
and UNEP is really one
UNIX is acctually not one
and WHO is one
Answer:
The correct answer is A. A cause of the English Civil War was a dispute between the King and Parliament.
Explanation:
The English Civil War was the process of transition of England from an absolute monarchy to a bourgeois republic between 1640-1660, which ended with the death of Protector Cromwell and the restoration of the monarchy.
The revolution took the form of a conflict between the executive and legislative powers (the King against Parliament), resulting in a civil war, as well as a religious war between Anglicans, Catholics and the vacillating Scottish Puritans on the one hand, and English Puritans on the other.
The first civil war began on August 22, 1642, when Charles I ordered his banner to be raised above Nottingham Castle, and the war ended in 1646, when Cromwell created the “New Model Army”, which won a decisive victory in the battle of Nesby.
The Civil War ended in a complete victory for Parliament. The revolution paved the way for the industrial revolution in England and the capitalist development of the country.
