A form of discrimination that is upheld by the law is called legal discrimination.
De facto segregation refers to segregation that occurred by fact, as opposed to by law. Jim Crow laws refer to laws upheld slavery, and segregated and discriminated against those who would later become African Americans.
It was the "Oregon Train" that brought settlers to the Willamette Valley, sine although there were other smaller trails in the region, this was the most traveled by those wanting to start new lives and businesses in the region.
The Edict of Serdica was issued in 311 by the Roman emperor Galerius, officially ending the Diocletianic persecution of Christianity in the East. With the passage in 313 AD of the Edict of Milan, persecution of Christians by the Roman state ceased.
Yes, it is true that caves are a type of island ecosystem according to the theory of island biogeography, since many caves at one point in time were in fact underwater.