Soil compaction occurs when soil particles are pressed
together, reducing pore space between them. Heavily compacted soils
contain few large pores and have a reduced rate of both water infiltration and
drainage from the compacted layer. Excessive soil compaction impedes
root growth and therefore limits the amount of soil explored by roots. This, in
turn, can decrease the plant's ability to take up nutrients and water. From the
standpoint of crop production, the adverse effect of soil compaction on water flow
and storage may be more serious than the direct effect of soil compaction on
root growth.
