Guinea-Bissau, Angola, and Mozambique gained independence from Portugal.The Soviet Union and the Soviet Bloc broke apart.
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Victims of piracy endured torture, floggings, and ceremonies of humiliation, but when brought to justice, the pirates were given such punishments as lengthy prison sentences, transportation to work in the deadly conditions of African mines, or public execution by hanging.
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By the late 1800s, huge ranches had developed in Texas. One factor that led to their growth was changes in the railroads. In the 1860s, most rail lines ended north of Texas, so cattle had to be driven to them. In the 1880s, rail lines were extended into the state.
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Answer:c.the great changes brought about when machines and factories replaced animal power and handmade goods
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