More emigrants traveled to California than Oregon Country during the settlement era because there was GOLD in California.
So the answer is D: Gold
It was "manufacturing" that declined steadily during the 1980s and 1990s, mostly due to the fact that many of these jobs were being sent overseas. The Internet also played a heavy role.
The answer to your question is:
C. Were dirty, crowded, and unhealthy.
The two groups that explored and settled Oceania were Polynesians and Lapita.
History allows for a sense of superiority over others; its a narcissitical answer