Answer:
Let's be clear here. The sentence is written as a fact; however, whether or not the message IS a fact is unclear without conducting research.
Explanation:
What makes the sentence read as a fact are the words "in a 2013 study."
Fact
good to know
the 3rd one.
The 3rd one because you are saying that SHE said it but however you need to have what she says in quotes!