Answer: Towards the end of the Abbasid caliphate, the formerly vast and united Islamic empire became fragmented and decentralized.
Many different groups ruled areas previously held by the Abbasids.
Religious institutions became more defined during this period as state power waned.
Trade contributed to the spread of Islamic culture and led to a growing feeling of internationalism.
From the ninth century to the twelfth century, Islamic culture flourished and crystallized into what we now recognize as Islam. The military expansions of the earlier period spread Islam in name only; it was later that Islamic culture truly spread, with people converting to Islam in large numbers.
This spread of Islamic culture was facilitated by trade, missionaries, and changes in the political structure of Islamic society. As a result, we encounter multiple different interpretations of Islam across many different Islamic societies
Explanation: The ummah was more educated while abbasid were working on iraq and iran
