The pluripotent, undifferentiated cells in the bone marrow that give rise to the formed elements are called stem cells.
Pluripotent stem cells have the ability to undergo self-renewal and to give rise to all cells of the tissues of the body. However, this definition has been recently complicated by the existence of distinct cellular states that display these features.
There are two types of pluripotent stem cells :
- Embryonic stem cells (ESCs)
- Induced pluripotent stem cells
Embryonic stem cells are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of pre-implantation embryos and can be indefinitely maintained and expanded in the pluripotent state in vitro. Pluripotent stem cells can also be obtained by inducing dedifferentiation of adult somatic cells through a recently developed in vitro technology, known as cell reprogramming.
Similarly to Embryonic stem cells , Induced pluripotent stem cells can be expanded indefinitely and they are capable to differentiate in all the derivatives of the three germ layers.
Another intriguing features of being pluripotent is its reliance on gene expression heterogeneity.
Learn more about Pluripotent here : brainly.com/question/18243320
#SPJ4
1. Non random mating
In genetic equilibrium individuals must mate at random. However, in many species, individuals select mates based on heritable traits, such as size, strength, or coloration, a practice known as sexual selection.
2. Small population size
Genetic drift does not have major effects on large populations but can affect small populations. Thus evolutionary change due to genetic drift happens more easily in small populations.
<span>3. Immigration or Emigration
Individuals who join a populations may introduce new alleles into the gene pool. Likewise individuals who leave may remove alleles from the gene pool. Any movement of individuals into (immigration) or out of (emigration) a population can disrupt genetic equilibrium, a process know as gene flow.
4. Mutations
Individuals who join a populations may introduce new alleles into the gene pool. Likewise individuals who leave may remove alleles from the gene pool. Any movement of individuals into (immigration) or out of (emigration) a population can disrupt genetic equilibrium, a process know as gene flow.
5. Natural Selection
if different genotypes have different fitness, genetic equilibrium will be disrupted, and evolution will occur.</span>
Answer:
C (Chlorophyll)
Explanation:
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an energy carrying molecule in all living cells. It is the usable form of energy by cells. Organisms are able to carry out cellular functions using the energy carried by ATP molecules. ATP like other molecules is made up of components that make up its chemical structure.
ATP is composed of three structural components; A five-carbon sugar called RIBOSE at the core of its structure, attached to a nitrogenous base called Adenine and phosphate group (three in ATP). The energy in ATP is released when it loses its phosphate component.
Chlorophyll is a pigment found in the Chloroplast of plant cells. It is another molecule that is made up of its own components e.g nitrogen, magnesium etc.
