Question

What information can be stored in ice cores identifies how earth's climate has changed over time?

Answer 1

for better research go to under NOAA - Climate.gov

This is a short paraphrased summary of the article about ice cores in that website.  

Answer: Researchers in labs may melt or crush bits of the ice core a little at a time, each deeper layer shows the time in the Earth's climate history. Tiny pieces of pollution, metals, radoiactive fallout, pebbles, sea salt, volcanic ash and even air bubbles all present important information that researchers can look for to track changes in the atmosphere's composition and temperature.