I believe the answer is b
I am not sure about the first question, I cannot help you with that one, sorry. :/
However, the second question I know. Ragnarok is A), an apocalyptic prophecy, a Norse prophecy stating when the end of the world will come.
I would say b or d, since pathos is usually related to emotional content.
Answer:
A.)
Explanation:
What he is saying is mostly an opinion, but can also be a fact. If he is claiming that soccer is the most popular sport in the world, the most logical answer would be A.), as in it supports his claim the strongest.
Answer: Problem and Solution
Explanation: to show sylvia earles solution for the problem of damage to the ocean