No new substance is produced.
Atom -> molecule - organelle - cell - tissue - organ - organ system - organism - population - community - ecosystem - biosphere
There’s more to this but that’s whether you require more or less of the list
The insulin receptors have specific shape that is compatible to the glucose molecules. The glucose molecules bind to these receptors, which tells the pancreas to release insulin in order to lower the blood glucose level. Any kind of change in the shape of these receptors because of mutation will hinder this cell communication and stop the insulin release. This will lead to high levels of blood sugar level.
Structure X is only found in plant cells, and structure Y is found in plant and animal cells.
