Answer:
He wanted to increase food surpluses for disasters. He hoped to improve Chinese diets by increasing crop variety. He wanted to use new lands to produce more food for trade.
Answer:
X:Land to sea. Y:Sea to Land
Explanation:
I think in X it is from land to sea because of the way the arrow points. And for the other it would be land to sea sine the arrow is pointing from the water to the land.