During translation to RNA, the nitrogen bases on the DNA molecule are translated to complementary RNA bases. Afterwards, these bases are again used to form amino acids.
Three bases make up a codon, which codes for a specific amino acid. If a base is changed, the codon will become changed. This will result in a different amino acid being produced in and the primary structure of the polypeptide will be altered.
Answer:
C.
Explanation:
It's chemistry, not genetic engineering
Answer: it is the second one (squeezes together)
Natural variation provided the phenotypes that natural selection then acted on, over time causing evolution
Answer: c) and b) are correct.
The brain is encased in a protective bony or cartilaginous housing in craniates.
The anterior end of the nerve cord is elaborated to form a brain in craniates.
Explanation: The craniates include the chordata with well-defined heads. This includes mammals, reptiles and fishes. So we can discard the other answers. Because most craniates have functional jaws, and the adults do not lose their chordate characteristics. The last one does not apply as a specific feature because the tunicate have neural crest but are not recognized as craniata.
