Some effects are:
<span>- A new republic in France </span>
<span>- the fall of Metternich </span>
<span>- promises of reform in Austria, Italy, and Prussia </span>
<span>- A new empire established in France </span>
<span>- Success in liberalism, nationalism, and socialism </span>
Thirty Years’ War, (1618–48), in European history, a series of wars fought by various nations for various reasons, including religious, dynastic, territorial, and commercial rivalries. Its destructive campaigns and battles occurred over most of Europe, and, when it ended with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, the map of Europe had been irrevocably changed.
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Peace of Westphalia, European settlements of 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated, from 1644, in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. The Spanish-Dutch treaty was signed on January 30, 1648. The treaty of October 24, 1648, comprehended the Holy Roman emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, France, and Sweden. England, Poland, Russia, and the Ottoman Empire were the only European powers that were not represented at the two assemblies. Some scholars of international relations credit the ...(100 of 1018 words)
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Answer:
C. A rock that has been eroded
Explanation:
Ended up with the defeat of the Central Powers under the leadership of Germany, <span>also saw the collapse of four Empires-German, Austrian, Turkish and Russian.</span>
