The answer (I believe) is C. Definitely not D, and B. seems unlikely too along with partnerships.
An elected monarchy is a country where people choose their monarchs. In regular monarchies, inheriting the throne is hereditary meaning that family members pass it from one to another. In an elected one, people choose who the monarch will be. It's something like an archaic presidential run but the monarch has way more power than a president has nowadays. This was common in some Arabic countries in history.
Answer:
D. European nations needed fewer goods
Explanation:
After 1815, foreign goods such as spices and other things were less important due to the advance of industrialization. hope this helped!! :D