The middle age was in the duration from the 5th century to the 15th century.
The age began with the falling of the Western Roman Empire.
Throughout the era of the Western Middle age, church was the most important force in providing unity and stability.
The main difference between the plans of Columbus and da Gama mainly differ in the way they tried to reach the continent, while Columbus was going for a much riskier option and wanted to reach Asian through unexplored ocean by going in a westward direction, da Gama was going for a safer option by traveling near the continental mainlands and was going south to go around Africa and than eastward towards the already known direction for Asia. This lead to different results, Columbus unintentionally managed to discover a whole new world for the Europeans, while da Gama managed to open up a route towards Asia that was clear of any charges or passing through the waters of some empire.
The Supremacy Clause (Article 6, Clause two) declares that the Constitution is the "supreme law of the land". It establishes that federal laws rule over state laws. This ensures that there will be no disagreement between the state and the national government over who has more authority. Federalism is a system of government where the power is shared between the state and national government, but this does not mean that they are equal. The national government will be "supreme".
They were important because they were not controlled by the government or the church. Therefore they were free to explore in scientific experiments as much as they wanted without these controls.
