Answer: its d
Explanation: The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The initial objective was the recovery of the Holy Land from Islamic rule. These campaigns were subsequently given the name crusades.
Answer:
An independent or nonpartisan politician is a politician not affiliated with any political party. There are numerous reasons why someone may stand for office as an independent.
Some politicians have political views that do not align with the platforms of any political party, and therefore choose not to affiliate with them. Some independent politicians may be associated with a party, perhaps as former members of it, or else have views that align with it, but choose not to stand in its name, or are unable to do so because the party in question has selected another candidate. Others may belong to or support a political party at the national level but believe they should not formally represent it (and thus be subject to its policies) at another level.
In running for public office, independents sometimes choose to form a party or alliance with other independents, and may formally register their party or alliance. Even where the word "independent" is used, such alliances have much in common with a political party, especially if there is an organization which needs to approve the "independent" candidates.
Its important to first understand what civic duty means. Civic duties include, for example, obeying the laws of the country, paying the taxes levied by the government, or serving on a jury or as a witness in court. These are things that are required by citizens of a country. Thus to go beyond ones civic duty would be to do more than what is required of oneself for the betterment of the community. With that in mind the correct answers would be 1) Voting in local, state and national elections; 2) Volunteering to work at a local homeless shelter; and 4) Learning about major national issues being debated in Congress. <em>These three things are not required of citizens and thus would be going beyond ones civic duties. </em>
Site of the first permanent English settlement in American in 1607
