Cornwallis's decision of going to chesapeake bay was a fatal mistake.
Washington had a golden oppurtunity to trap the british on the peninsula
There are a couple of differences:
1) The Americas (especially Latin America), will not have Roman Catholic influences in the area, and will not have it as their state religion.
2) The land will keep most of it's natural wealth, though it may not be used in great quantities as before.
3) Population will not take a hit, and will continue to grow, as European diseases are not spread to them. However, if trading occurs between the north-eastern tribes all the way down to Central America, they will still be exposed to diseases carried by the French and British.
4) They may not be exposed to the usage of firearms as quickly, which may lead to their demise to their native enemies. Firearms, while they took very long to reload back then, was a symbol of power and was used more as a shock then as a weapon (until the mini-ball, repeater, and other upgrades to the rifle came).
5) The other way to look at it is that another European Power may take over those lands. The first of which is Portugal, whose lands were very near the Spanish territory. The next in line would be France, which borders the Spanish territories, and than Britain.
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The Jewish–Roman wars are often cited as a disaster to Jewish society. The defeat of the Jewish revolts altered the Jewish population and enhanced the importance of Jewish diaspora, essentially moving the demographic center of Jews from Judea to Galilee and Babylon, with minor communities across the Mediterranean.
Washington gives this as the Confederation's reaction based on the past government that hasn't been responsive to the people which are slow and has a different purpose. He was citing that this is from one point of view could be better than the present has to offer.
Washington was trying to let the Confederation see the possibilities that the new type of government that is being introduced would also experience problems before it can be finally settled. He also gave a further situation where he could not see the success of this, instead of a rebellion from the changes that would come.