Plastic is a word that originally meant “pliable and easily shaped.” It only recently became a name for a category of materials called polymers. The word polymer means “of many parts,” and polymers are made of long chains of molecules. Polymers abound in nature. Cellulose, the material that makes up the cell walls of plants, is a very common natural polymer.
Over the last century and a half humans have learned how to make synthetic polymers, sometimes using natural substances like cellulose, but more often using the plentiful carbon atoms provided by petroleum and other fossil fuels. Synthetic polymers are made up of long chains of atoms, arranged in repeating units, often much longer than those found in nature. It is the length of these chains, and the patterns in which they are arrayed, that make polymers strong, lightweight, and flexible. In other words, it’s what makes them so plastic.
These properties make synthetic polymers exceptionally useful, and since we learned how to create and manipulate them, polymers have become an essential part of our lives. Especially over the last 50 years plastics have saturated our world and changed the way that we live.
The First Synthetic Plastic
The first synthetic polymer was invented in 1869 by John Wesley Hyatt, who was inspired by a New York firm’s offer of $10,000 for anyone who could provide a substitute for ivory. The growing popularity of billiards had put a strain on the supply of natural ivory, obtained through the slaughter of wild elephants. By treating cellulose, derived from cotton fiber, with camphor, Hyatt discovered a plastic that could be crafted into a variety of shapes and made to imitate natural substances like tortoiseshell, horn, linen, and ivory.
This discovery was revolutionary. For the first time human manufacturing was not constrained by the limits of nature. Nature only supplied so much wood, metal, stone, bone, tusk, and horn. But now humans could create new materials. This development helped not only people but also the environment. Advertisements praised celluloid as the savior of the elephant and the tortoise. Plastics could protect the natural world from the destructive forces of human need.
The creation of new materials also helped free people from the social and economic constraints imposed by the scarcity of natural resources. Inexpensive celluloid made material wealth more widespread and obtainable.
Answer:
C. It should be specific and not focused
The Bushido code guided the samurai in life and death, and stressed loyalty to the leader and honor in every aspect of life. The Bushido code arose from Zen-Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shintoism, and taught the importance of service to master and country.
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strategic crossroads northeast of Richmond is the “Cold Harbor”.
The Battle of the Cold Harbor was on the final battles fought in 1864
during the American Civil War. The Peninsular Campaign led to a combat in
between the Union led by Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and the army of
Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee.
When Grant was not able to break the lines drawn by Lee in Spotsylvania
both the armies headed towards the Anna River that was only 25 miles from
Richmond.
After this battle, Grant continued to pursue his goal of attacking the
capital of the Confederate, which led to another battle just 8 miles from the
northeast of Richmond, which was in the vicinity of the strategic crossroads
northeast of Richmond, called Cold Harbor.
The name Cold Harbor was derived from the name of a tavern and the place
was situated in between the rivers Chickahominy and Pamunkey.
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The Judiciary Act of 1789 provided for a Supreme Court made up of a Chief Justice and five associate justices is a true statement. This was written in Article III which defines much of the judiciary's position in the American government. It explicitly states that "judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court and such inferior courts" so the Supreme Court is the only court recognized by the Constitution, with one Chief justice and five associate justices.
