Urbanization
Before the Crusades, life in Europe was centered on estates
and feudalism, when the holy war began it shifted to prioritize trade and
commerce in order to fund the war. This led to inflation of prices but overall
increased the quality of life.
Guilds
Towns were formed as trade and commerce became a feasible
form of livelihood. As the holy war went on, it became apparent that there was
much to gain as people had more access to other societies. This in turn led to
the forming of Guilds that standardized and regulated the trade practice
The Middle Class
Lending and borrowing in order to
finance the trades and commerce stimulated the financial system which led to
the formation of the first credit institutions. A new ‘middle class’ emerged as
the result of this growth of the European economy.
Division of labor
Not so much as a ‘division’ but the formulation of new ones-
the nobility had to sell their lands and personal belongings which benefitted lower
and middle class. Peasants now experienced a higher demand for their products and
the new middle class became tradesmen, financers and transportation providers.
Money/weights/measure systems
With the rise of new classes, there
was a shift in the redistribution of wealth- the economic power of the Church
shifted to the tradesmen and merchants. The emerging importance of trade and commerce
resulted in the standardization of money, weights and the measuring system.
Usury
People began to sell their lands and belongings as a way to
finance the cost of joining the Crusade, and most of the time, this wasn’t
enough. They turned to Churches which were obligated to provide loans without
interest due to Usury policies. This significantly decreased their wealth of
which they had to share with other Crusaders.
Answer:
I would say C
Explanation:
The catholic church had power over medicine and the way that it was taught to students. You were only allowed one dissection a year, and it had to be done by a professor. Drawings of the human anatomy were inaccurate and vague, as it was considered a sin to cut open a body yourself. The church only allowed certain theories of the anatomy to be taught, for example Galen. Galen once said that the human body is so complex that only God could have created it. This fit in with the catholic church, who believed this hence the work of Galen was spread throughout Europe. Galen's work was incorrect as he had to make dissections of a pig and then apply it to humans, so people were taught the wrong ideas of the human body. Even though doctors were taught everything about Galen, people still died due to incorrect treatment they were given.
By the beginning of the renaissance, the power of the catholic church was declining. Scientists started to pay grave diggers to dig up the graves of people who had dies, so they can dissect them. Realistic paintings were drawn so accurate information could be spread. The invention of the printing press meant that new information would be easy to spread to everyone. People now started to challenge Galen, which was forbidden during the middle ages, as you could be put into prison. Scientists took advantage of the freedom they have now got, they did experiments and things that were not allowed in the middle ages.
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Explanation:
The Silk Road promoted commodity exchange and cultural. it led to Buddhism one of the religions of the Kushan kingdom reached China and also the merchant caravans Buddhist monks went from India to Central Asia and China, preaching the new religion. Buddhist monuments were discovered in numerous cities along the Silk Road.
It was primarily the "B. Young American" movement that was in favor of U.S. expansion in Latin America, although it should be noted that there were others who were in favor of such expansionism as well.
