Answer:
The correct answer is option d. "India was a separate continent until 45 million years ago".
Explanation:
135 million years ago, Pangea was a single continent that became separated into Laurasia in the north and Gondwana in the south. India was part of Gondwana along with Australia, South America, Antarctica and Africa. However, as a result of tectonic activity India got separated from Gondwana. This period of time at which India was a separated continent is the factor that most likely explains why animals and plants in India differ greatly from species in nearby southeast Asia. At being a separated continent, India's plants and animals go through an independent evolutionary process which made them very different an unique from nearby species.
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The trait of the dental gap is present in apes but absent in hominins.
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What do you understand by hominins?</h3>
The term "hominin" refers to a group that includes all living humans, all extinct human species, and all of our direct predecessors (including members of the genera Homo, Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Ardipithecus). Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, and Ardipithecus are the earliest hominins. Many characteristics that set humans apart from other primates were absent in the ancestors of the human lineage. Sahelanthropus tchadensis from the Chad and Orrorin tugenensis from Kenya are the oldest hominins that are currently known. The skull of Sahelanthropus, which dates to between 6 and 7 mya, is mostly complete, and there are also some additional fragmentary bones.
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Secondary succession is the infer kind of succession that will take place on an abandoned, unpaved country road.
Secondary succession is termed as one of the two types of ecological succession in the life of a plant.
It is a process which is being started by an event for example harvesting, hurricane, and forest fire. which reduces an established ecosystem. Secondary succession occurs in a pre-existing soil and it is the ecological succession that occurs after the initial succession which has been disrupted and some animals and plants still exist.