Answer: Launched by Mao Zedong, Chairman of the political party of China (CPC), its stated goal was to preserve Chinese Communism by purging remnants of capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society and to re-impose commieThought (known outside China as Maoism) because of the dominant ideology within the CPC.
Francis Bacon’s process of basing discovery on observation and experimentation different from medieval ways of thinking as "Medieval ways of thinking were based on traditional beliefs".
<u>Option: C</u>
<u>Explanation:</u>
A famous philosopher, politician, lawyer and English writer, father of philosophical and scientific empiricism, was Francis Bacon, first Baron Verulam, first Viscount of Saint Albansy Chancellor of England.
He established an empirical doctrine of science in his "De dignitate et augmentis scientiarumn" (From the dignification and improvement of Science) and stated in his Novum organum the principles of experimental scientific process which made him one of the pioneers of modern scientific thinking. He developed the genre of essay in England too.
The Crusades were military expeditions organized by western European Christians to keep in check the spread of Islam and recapture former Christian territories that now were Muslim. The Crusades began in 1095 and lasted for almost 200 years.
To some historians, even when these religious wars presented gruesome results, they ultimately were a factor in European civilization development as the growth of the system of indulgences and the reinforced link between Western Christendom, feudalism, and militarism, led to the Protestant Reformation.
It should be war, famine, and class struggles. I really hope this helps, let me know if you need clarification.