<span>Both Abraham Lincoln, who was a key figure in creating political legislation in support of Black rights in the Reconstruction, and Andrew Johnson, who pardoned large numbers of slaveowners, were dead by 1877 - Lincoln in 1865 and Johnson in 1875.</span>
Answer: As in the clauses: Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3:
“Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.”
They counted slaves as less than one person, the "other person" are slaves. The "excluding Indians not taxed" part, means that they were considered part of US only if they paid the taxes.
In industrial cities there were better chance at getting a job. The ethnic neighborhoods were crowded and dirty. Most immigrants lived in areas where other immigrants from the same country emmigrated from. So you had little Italy, Polish Communities, etc.
<span>answer is to find land for farming and grazing.</span>
