Marbury v. Madison set the precedent of judicial review, wherein the Supreme Court has the ability to deem a congressional bill unconstitutional. Therefore, the first clause would be your best bet.
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Wealthy merchants such as Cosimo de' Medici ruled Italian city-states. Cosimo de' Medici was an Italian Politician who was part of the Medici political dynasty, and he was a wealthy merchant. He became the leader of the Florence city-state in 1434.
Answer:
<em>Although Crusades failed to capture Jerusalem, they had several effects on European culture.</em>
Explanation:
When the nobles died in battles they didn't use to leave behind any heir. In such cases the King used to take over their land. Taxes were imposed to pay for the Crusades by the King.
European learned many things from Crusades like how to build a ship and magnetic compasses. Many different kind of goods were traded like silk, spices, new forms of art and literature.