Answer:
a) the advantages a candidate who is running for re-election has over the candidate trying to unseat him or her
Explanation:
Incumbency effect can be defined as the advantages a candidate who is running for re-election has over the candidate trying to unseat him or her in a democratic election process.
Basically, it refers to the tendency (phenomenon) for public officials such as senators or house of representative members who are already holding power (office) to get re-elected over an opposition. This ultimately implies that, a candidate contesting with an incumbent candidate is automatically placed at a disadvantage to emerge as the winner election due to the power of incumbency (incumbency effect).
<em>Additionally, the incumbency effect is peculiar to democratic elections and most favorable or stronger for the house of representative members.</em>
A. Andrew Johnson was president from 1865 when Lincoln was assassinated to 1859, where he lost reelection to Ulysses S. Grant.
It meant that there were nukes very close and within striking range of the USA.
<span>c. rise of matriarchal societies
</span>What was not a broad trend from 8000 BCE to 600 CE was the rise of matriarchal societies
NOT:
a. advanced political organization
b. specialized labor
<span>d. development of agriculture</span>
The North had the advantage of being home to two thirds of the country's population during the Civil War.
