Answer:
Maryland. This case, decided by the Supreme Court in 1819, asserted national supremacy vis-Ã-vis state action in areas of constitutionally granted authority. Maryland had placed a prohibitive tax on the bank notes of the Second Bank of the United States.
Explanation:
The creation of the an army of Turkish warriors to help the Abbasid Caliphs secure their position ultimately led to the conversion of the Turks to Islam, and eventually giving them control over Sunni Islam.
The Abbasid Caliphs were leaders of the "Abbasid Dynasty," which is 2nd of the two great Sunni (Islam) dynasties. Meanwhile, the Seljuk Turks were nomadic people who converted to Islam. Because they were often used as military mercenaries by the Abbasid Caliphate, their power grew, eventually weakening the power of the caliphs, and giving them "control over" Sunni Islam. They revitalized Islamic laws, reorganized the institutions, and provided political stability to the empire.
The Irish Republican Army (IRA) was the army they were recruited to. They were appointed by defense committees.
Civil wars. Probably the most important single cause of Byzantium's collapse was its recurrent debilitating civil wars. Three of the worst periods of civil war and internal infighting took place during Byzantium's decline.
Answer:
A. Italian city-states were unified under one central government long before most other European countries, and that allowed the government to sponsor the arts.
C. Italy is in a good, central location for business and commerce so traders maintained contact with people and ideas from other places.
Explanation:
Although a greater example is that there were many rich patrons who were willing to subsidize many art projects and artists.
