Answer:
D.An ever-changing system of rules and laws
Railroads provided a beneficial factor toward the rapid growth in cities and especially significantly improved its industrialization. This is my first time answering a question.
How did Charles V and Philip II expand the Spanish state? They fought wars and tried to expand Catholicism. How were citizens' rights determined under the absolute monarchies in Spain and France? By the ruling monarch.
C the increased outside contact due to the crusades
