Protein-protein interactions within the CARMA1-BCL10-MALT1 complex:
- The T-cell receptor and B-cell receptor-dependent NF-B induction and lymphocyte activation are mediated by the CBM complex, which is made up of the proteins CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1.
- Each of the proto-oncoproteins CARMA1, BCL10, and MALT1 is a somatic gain-of-function mutation or chromosomal translocation, and dysregulation of CBM signaling is a characteristic of numerous lymphoid malignancies, including Activated B-cell Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.
- Moreover, a number of immunological dysregulation diseases have been linked to both gain- and loss-of-function germline mutations in CBM complex proteins.
- Over the past ten years, careful examination of the interactions of CBM components has yielded a wealth of detailed structural knowledge.
- Here, we discuss important discoveries about the molecular nature of these protein-protein interactions that have helped the research develop a detailed understanding of how these proteins come together to form high-order filamentous CBM complexes.
- Approaches to therapeutic suppression of the CBM complex have thus far centered on obstructing MALT1 protease activity in order to treat lymphoid malignancy and/or autoimmunity.
- The structural effects of MALT1 protease inhibitors on significant protein-protein interactions are also reviewed in detail.
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Answer:
Cool water at the surface traps nutrients deep in the lake to provide food during the winter.
Explanation:
During winter, <u>ice forms on the surface of the lake</u> when the temperature drops below 4 degrees Celsius. However, the <u>water below remains warm</u> because the ice layer on top also acts as insulation of heat transfer in case of further temperature drops. Further, ice formation <u>retains/seals off</u> nutrients and gases flow below the ice sheet. The amount of nutrients is sufficient for phytoplankton activity during light hours (there is no complete darkness even after thick ice sheet is formed). Resultantly, the <u>photosynthesis</u> produces <u>oxygen and food</u> for aquatic organsism within the lake environment and support their <u>survival during winter season</u>.
Answer:
Hi, Your Answer Is Below
b) centiliters to deciliters
Explanation:
Have a great evening!
Hollow, that's why birds can fly. There is nothing in the bone to weigh them down.
