Question

Jason had difficulty recognizing that bullfighting was a sport, because it didn't match his ______________ of a sport. phoneme prototype algorithm heuristic

Answer 1

 because it didn't match his Algorithm of a sport.
Algorithm is a set of rules that must be  followed for a certain occurence to be considered as  a identifiable problem.
In his mind, Jason probably think that to be considered as a sport, it need2 opposing players and scoring system that is not possessed in bullfiighting.