D. Expanding women's rights and the right to vote was the least related progressive reform to the causes and effects of World War I.
Explanation:
WWI was triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in 1914. The other progressive reforms have more relation to the causes and effects of WWI because the women's rights reform was introduced recently and therefore had no effect on this whatsoever.
While Carnegie, Ford, and Rockefeller were all tycoons of the Gilded Age, Samuel Gompers was a well known labor leader who founded the American Federation of Labor.