D. They claimed that the laws treated both groups equally because
neither could use the services and facilities designated for the
other group.
Between the Christian European states and the Islamic states of the Middle East and Africa. This has commonly been also known as the Crusades which started around the 10th century in the Middle east and have continued for a couple of centuries before losing their momentum.
C: American victories in North Africa.
Answer:
1. Sparta(noun) an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess
2. Capital and largest city of Italy;
7. A state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch.
8. The state council of the ancient Roman republic and empire, which shared legislative power with the popular assemblies, administration with the magistrates, and judicial power with the knights.
9. A legally recognized subject or national of a state or commonwealth, either native or naturalized.
10. An extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.
Explanation: