Answer:
Mikhail Gorbachev.
Explanation:
Mikhail Gorbachev became the first president of the Soviet Union in 1990 and received Nobel Price for promoting peaceful international relations and ending Cold War. Gorbachev's key political changes included a more democratic system of elections. He abolished the special status of the Communist Party, as set out in the constitution of the USSR. State power was turned over to the USSR People's Duties Congress, the first parliament in the Soviet Union, based on democratic elections.
It is accepted that the Byzantine Empire fell in 1453 to the Ottomans under Mehmed II finally took over Constantinople after 53 days of battle. However, there were several other successor states to the Byzantine Empire such as the Despotate of Morea and the Empire of Trebizond that could be argued to be "Byzantine". Some didn't even fall until 1479. That being said, the Roman "Byzantine" Empire definitely fell in 1453.
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Answer:
The relationship between the church and the state towards the end of medieval times was chaotic. The pope and the monarchy were in constant power struggles. One such is example is the conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII. The conflict between King Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII concerned the question of who got to appoint bishops and church officals. Henry believed that, as king, he had the right to appoint the bishops of the church. However, Pope Gregory VII denied these claims of power which set a of a power feud between the monarchy and papacy.
