I think that one of the main ones most of the time is drought as we have such a dry and hot climate. But currently flooding is an issue, in Tasmania we just had the biggest flood since the 1921 floods (Look it up).
Northern parts of Australia are also prone to tropical cyclones
In the early years of the 19th century, the time of the economic growth opened different opportunities to women. The right to suffrage was opened. Education was offered. Women accepted challenges on taking degrees of their choice.
Their education helped them become additional workforce in the state industries.