United States Constitution was ratified in 1789, but had not much without a very considerable debate. During Constitutional Convention, delegates debated major issues such as the makeup of the legislature and the effect of slavery on representation.
Metamorphic rock that is formed in deep in the faults is mylonite. It is a cataclastic metamorphic rock. Usually they are fine-grained, occasionally can be glassy, that are layered or streaky, with the layers and streaks being drawn by the ductile shear.
I think how long and how often.
It changed so much because there were always European explorers heading out on voyages, for many reasons (like to trade with neighbouring countries, ferrying people from one land to the other, etc). During those voyages they found new lands, and so the maps had to be revised quite often because of these new discoveries.