I believe the answer is: c.the first medieval merchants were peddlers who held little status or wealth, while merchants during the high middle ages formed guilds and often served in government council positions in their towns.
.
After the merchants formed guilds during the high middle ages, they managed to control the price fluctuation in the market and obtained a huge amount of wealth in return. This give them a power to influence the government and even obtained important government position in their town.
<span>. Russia refused Germany's demand to stop mobilizing its military after Austria-Hungary declared war
</span>
Russia had to avoid the repeat of the incident of 1908, which would cause its allies to see it as not serious in its promises to protect. Russia was a chief ally of Serbia as Russia had supported the Serbians to gain independence from the Ottoman empire.
<span /><span />
1. They converged in Berlin
2. Finland and Norway
20. Switzerland and Ireland
