Marbury v. Madison and McCulloch v. Maryland are some of the earliest examples of landmark cases in the history of the Supreme Court. Their decisions, which have had lasting impacts on the interpretation of the Constitution, are vital to todays understanding of the federal government.
Marbury v. Madison established the policy of judicial review. Judicial review holds that the court has the power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional should it be inconsistent with the Constitution. This put a sizable check on the power of Congress to pass laws and established the power of the court in the new government.
McCulloch v. Maryland established that when it comes to clashes between state laws and federal laws, federal laws will always trump state laws except for a few rare exceptions. This reaffirmed the power of the new national government and the broad sweeping power it had over the states.
The Byzantine Arab wars were some of the longest lasting in history. They mostly pitted Arab Muslims against Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire between the 7th and 11th centuries AD. The wars started during the initial Muslim conquests
European settlers brought these new diseases with them when they settled, and the illnesses decimated the Native Americans—by some estimates killing as much as 90 percent of their population. ... There were even Native Americans shipped out of colonies like South Carolina into slavery in other places, like Canada.
Franciscan priest Father Junipero Serra founded the first mission in 1769. This was known as Mission San Diegio de Alcalá and was located in present-day San Diego. The native Indians who occupied the region were initially resistabt to the mission.
