The correct answer is:
C. Rousseau
*** One of Rousseau's quote's to support this answer:
"<span>Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains."</span>
You might be talking about the Stanford v. Kentucky (1989),
where the U.S Supreme Court ruled that offenders at least 16 years old at the time
of the crime can be punished with death penalty. Doing so would not constitute
cruel and unusual punishment. That means 16-year olds who committed heinous
crimes can be put to death. The ruling was overturned with the Roper v. Simmons
in 2005, which forbade capital punishment for juveniles.
Strong ties to the English crown -- that was not a factor in the success of the colonies. In fact, the reality was just the opposite. The colonies were very loosely connected back to the home government in England. They developed their own forms of self-government within each of the colonies, which also featured different religious practices (based on groups who had come to the New World to escape religious pressures in England). The "new" this and "new" that featured in your question is a clue to all that was happening in the novel enterprise that was the American colonial experience. This new form of life would eventually challenge any oversight by the English monarch, and the United States of America became its own nation.
I think it’s A but I don’t know if it it hope I helped