the US is a federal republic and a constitutional representative democracy
Rhode island colonies allowed religous freedom but i think you had to be a Puritan to worship in massachusetts bay colony....
The first two alternatives are correct.
Every sectoral policy requires the secretariat that commands it a plan of action. In the case of education, a plan of action to improve the conditions of schools, the qualification of teachers and the use of education, etc. Of course, all of this has a cost, it is budgeted, so analyzing a plan of action of success or failure helps in the decision of the guidelines.
Charts and tables are technical analysis tools that compile data and information providing reliable statistics about reality. Statistics on the education sector are vast, so they are an essential tool for analyzing the costs of higher education.
The stuff confiscated/plundered/looted/stolen in war is called the "Spoils" of war.