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The correct answer should be both a and b
While the imperialists had guns and weaponry like that, many African people still fought with spears, which often made it easy to conquer them. Of course, there were exceptions, especially when it comes to Britain, where they just couldn't defeat the locals. Their industry didn't exist and was undeveloped.
The imrpoved agricultural techniques, such as the three field system, the climate change, and the horse plows. These effected Western Europe during the middle ages because the three field system produced better crops, the climate opened more land to farming, and the horse plows allowed faster harvesting. This made life a lot easier for farmers.
