I think it is the Microscope. Robert Hooke was a scientist who came up with the law of elasticity, the Hooke's law as well his pioneering work using the microscope to document observations of a variety of samples in his book. Hook published a book Micrographia, an accurate and detailed record of his observations through his microscope.
It is “the treaty led to the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany due to resentment and economic hardships within the country” because Adolf was the leader in that time.
