The Monroe Doctrine granted the United States the ability to independently intervene in the trading economy. Having the ability to act alone and be neutral to war situations allowed them to make economic decisions based off of what they felt was best for them to prosper.
1)<span /> The main cause of population decline in this period was the bubonic plague. This disease occurred unexpectedly and nobody knew how to cure it. Even after many years, vaccines have not been found to prevent plague. It was usually spread by rats, fleas, and Mongols. This disease killed a third of europe's population in a short period of time. As a result, people become very desperate regarding church as it was not helpful and stopped going there.
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Currency yes but bankruptcy would depend on wether it is at a state or federal level.